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Salmon Falls Creek
Salmon Falls Creek is a tributary of the Snake River, flowing from northern Nevada into Idaho in the United States. Formed in high mountains at the northern edge of the Great Basin, Salmon Falls Creek flows northwards ,〔U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. (The National Map ), accessed May 3, 2011〕 draining an arid and mountainous basin of . The Salmon Falls Creek valley served as a trading route between the Native American groups of the Snake River Plain and Great Basin, but now most of its water is used for irrigation.
==Course==
Salmon Falls Creek rises in the arid Jarbidge Mountains of northern Nevada at the confluence of its North and South Forks. The North Fork, sometimes considered the main stem of Salmon Falls Creek,〔 is long, and the South Fork long.〔 Many of the creek's headwater streams originate in the Humboldt National Forest and converge to form a short canyon. At the confluence with Jakes Creek the creek swings northeast into the O'Neil Basin, a valley along U.S. Highway 93, flowing north , then passes the town of Jackpot and receives Shoshone Creek, its largest tributary, from the right.
From the Shoshone Creek confluence, Salmon Falls Creek enters another canyon that takes it across the Nevada-Idaho state border, merging with Cottonwood Creek, into Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir which is impounded by the arch concrete Salmon Falls Dam constructed across the creek between 1908–1910. After passing through the long and narrow lake, the creek cuts into a deep canyon as it enters the Snake River Plain, receiving Cedar Creek and Big Creek near Castleford. The creek empties into the Snake River south of Hagerman.
Before irrigation diversions began in the early 20th century, the average flow at the mouth was . Following the construction of Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir and the diversion of many of its tributaries, the flow at its mouth from 2002 to 2005 averaged . The average discharge upstream of the reservoir was . Much of the flow in the last few miles is provided by four major irrigation drains that carry runoff from the extensive agricultural areas surrounding lower Salmon Falls Creek, because all the water released from Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir is diverted shortly below the dam. Work has been done to reduce pollutants flowing into the lower creek from these drains, including excess nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliforms.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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